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North / Do

North is the time of night, long dark winters with children wrapped in the arms of an elder as they tell the stories that shape the world. Here, a learner does not become simply a teacher, “a learner creates … when a learner is fully engaged in activities … the learner becomes the creator creating” (Tanaka, 2016, p. 50). Reaching the capacity to teach others how to learn is the ultimate goal of learners. To pass on wisdom gained through action and send new learners out to act upon their learning in order to make something of the world for themselves. 

 

Remember, the circle is never completed, but the wheel continues turning as new doors are opened, new insights gained, new relationships are built, new understandings are forged, and new ideas are acted upon.

 

Is a weekly Indigenous studies class the best approach at NCS? This question was posed to us last year as part of ongoing discussions surrounding Indigenous studies. A community poll indicated that there was a strong desire to incorporate Indigenous perspectives into all areas of the curriculum, rather than keep it on its own. This is in line with the pedagogy of many, including Restoule & Nardozi who say, “The notion that Indigenous content belongs only in a specific grade level or a particular subject area is a privileged one, and one that takes for granted the dominance of Euro-Western perspectives on all subjects, not just history and social studies” (Restoule & Nardozi, 2019, p. 330). So this year we began another cycle of listening, learning, and teaching, this time surrounding best practices in Indigenous pedagogy and exploring what Indigenous studies will look like in the next ten years of NCSs history and beyond. 

Looking Forward

INVITATION TO CHANGE

To begin, we sent an invitation to members of Alderville First Nation to see what their perspectives were on what we were doing and where we can go. 

 

To that end, on the morning of Friday, October 29, members of NCS staff, including the principal, administrative assistant, an E.A., the Kindergarten teacher, and I met with three members of Alderville to connect and talk about the future of Indigenous education at NCS. Before the meeting began, the principal asked me if I would like to lead the meeting. I had initially planned to take more of an observer’s role, but accepted the challenge to speak directly into the matters at hand.

 

One guest, Dave, a former grandparent of NCS students who appears elsewhere on this site, is passionate about the school and the work we do and was eager to help out. The others were a brother, Brian, and sister, Verna, who are both connected through their great nephew, an NCS student. Verna has attended productions and watched as her nephews attended, Brian was less familiar with us and was curious about the discussion and the questions we would have.

 

We began the meeting by offering a small gift of tobacco, wrapped in leather and tied with a red string. I handed it over with my left hand, the one closest to my heart, as a sign of thanks and appreciation for their visit and their words. I then walked our guests briefly through the history that can be found on this site; describing my own moment of awareness and the learning journey we’ve been on since then. The principal then led us through introductions and each attendee described, in brief, their background and purpose for attending.

 

Brian began by offering some suggestions for resources that he has spoken into. We commented that it was nice to have books recommended by Indigenous experts like him, because not everything out there can be trusted to come from Indigenous voices. He recommended we continue to be cautious about resources. Brian mentioned that a mutual friend of ours has created lesson plans and was willing to donate textbooks for our school! He mentioned that our advertisements for the meeting may have kept some potential guests away because it seemed like we were planning to speak only about curriculum and history, something not many would feel comfortable speaking about as they weren’t teachers or historians.

 

This comment led to our first main takeaway for the next invitation: We need to be more specific about the content of the discussions we are inviting people to, and broader about our subject matter. In our efforts to craft the invitation, we were informed that we had actually kept some away from participating. The wording and lack of schedule outline for the day made many potential guests feel inadequate speaking into specific curriculum streams. It was exciting to hear that many wanted to come, but we had left them feeling they had nothing to contribute. This led to some imagining about what a follow-up meeting would look like and we landed on something everyone has to tell; Stories. This seemed to resonate with our guests who shared much of their own experiences throughout the morning. Many of those stories reinforced a common theme in Indigenous pedagogy; that of formational learning. Learning by doing, and the importance of a community that values and respects everyone was evident in their recountings. Dave also emphasized the importance of silence in communication, actively listening more than talking. He clearly remembers the elders as he was growing up, spending long periods of time together in silence, or placing their fingers on their lips and letting out long, quiet, ‘shhhhhh’s,’ which he demonstrated with smiling eyes, often to himself as we spoke. All three of our guests seemed excited about the prospect of recording stories like these in future, as elders only get older, and their stories and experiences hold such value.

 

We spoke about the heartbreaking aspects of the Indigenous experience. How the pain is often dwelt upon without moving towards hope. All agreed that empathizing with the pain of others is the first step to caring and only the heart can drive change. Loss and pain needs to be looked at, but the success of today and hope for tomorrow needs to be celebrated as well. This led us to celebrate some of our current and former Alderville students, as well as some of the experiences we’ve shared through our learning journey. Working hard to strike a balance between lament and hope was another takeaway from our discussion

 

We also spoke about the pain that Christendom has inflicted upon Indigenous people, how simply having the word “Christian” in our school’s name can be a barrier. While Dave knows us, and Verna had an idea, Brian was curious about how Christians, many of whom have considered his people ‘pagans’ and their cultural practices ‘witchcraft’, teach Indigenous studies. We told him that the school is nondenominational and that the ‘trappings of Christendom’ have very little to do with walking in ‘The Jesus Way’. This discussion reminded us that decolonizing history also involves decolonizing your whole worldview, including your Biblical worldview! To love Indigenous people, one needs to see them as equals, as neighbours, as created in God’s image just as much as anyone else. Dave reminded us that good change was happening quickly, in society and in the church, and that public moments like the Kamloops unmarked graves confirmations were keeping the momentum going. We also celebrated the Indigenous Christians who have influenced us, many of whom Dave knows, who have been building momentum over the last 30 years and are happily finding themselves very busy these days.

 

This reminded our guests to include, in our curriculum and lessons, the fact that, prior to colonization, Indigenous people had no class system. All were equal. A chief, elders, and council members may have been respected and trusted to represent the rest, but they were all equal members of the community. Verna shared her biggest takeaway with us: “Little ones need to know that everyone is equal.” Having suffered some of her worst moments of life in school, she is most concerned for the self esteem of the younger generation. How they need to be proud of who they are, and never ashamed. Dave suggested inviting Indigenous guests in to teach about their clan system may be a way to build that pride in oneself; Knowing their identified traits are something valued by others and celebrated. 

 

Lunch was served and Dave celebrated the truly consultationary approach to the morning. Having been ‘consulted’ by the government in his position, which seemed more like being ‘informed’ and looking for a rubber stamp, he appreciated sitting in a circle with us, on the same level, and being asked to speak into the process. Having so many of our lessons, directions, and approaches moving forward affirmed, was another important takeaway. Dave told us that we have made “A good start,” and that there was, “Nothing wrong with kicking the can, but kick it in the right direction!” He affirmed that we were doing so.

 

We were left with much to contemplate as we debriefed after our guests left. Tentatively, we have landed on two short-term goals that will hopefully lead us towards a third long-term goal. First, we see the need for a group of Indigenous 'counsellors’ committed to NCS who can vet our resources, suggest topics and approaches, and most importantly, speak to our students as First Voices and experts. Second, we need to plan another invitational, following Brian’s suggestions, one surrounding the stories that guests can share, perhaps with AV equipment at the ready and a list of topics to provide a focus and spark memories. Finally, we landed on a theme that hit hard and will require more planning, thinking, collaboration, and dreaming; we have received many affirmations for how we teach about Indigenous Peoples, our next big step is teaching with them. 

With these goals in mind, NCS is hosting another invitational in January. Broadening our scope to ‘stories’ and narrowing the topics to ‘Childhood and School’, ‘Learning from the Land’, and “Being Indigenous Today’. Any who wish to join us are welcome to share their stories in this next first step in our ongoing journey. 

‘Nihil de nobis, sine nobis’ (Nothing about us without us) 

ETUAPTMUMK AS HOLISTIC LEARNING

Looking Forward

One of the driving concepts for NCS moving forward will assuredly be ‘Etuaptmumk’, or ‘Two-Eyed Seeing’, a guiding principle Mi’kmaw elder Albert Marshall presents as “learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous knowledges and ways of knowing, and from the other eye with the strengths of Western knowledges and ways of knowing ... and learning to use both these eyes together, for the benefit of all” (Two-Eyed Seeing, n.d.). This holistic approach can shape how Indigenous studies are integrated into the broader curriculum, without being relegated to a certain measurable percentage or even a simple box to check off. Here, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous students will benefit from the best that traditional ways of knowing and learning have to offer, as well as the best that the western approach to education has to offer. By aligning natural convergences in the ebb and flow of the curriculum and even the school’s yearly calendar, we hope to build on the best of both approaches for the benefit of all. “Two-Eyed Seeing adamantly, respectfully, and passionately asks that we bring together our different ways of knowing so we can leave the world a better place for the next seven generations” (Two-Eyed Seeing, 2019).

Albert Marshall at the 2019 Global Symposium

Rebecca Thomas TEDx Talks

PROPHETIC IMAGINATION

Looking Forward

We are actively engaged in conversations and lessons that will shape the course of Indigenous perspectives in Christian education for the future. Whether that is simply within the walls of NCS, or in more Christian schools across the province, we hope to guide the leaders of tomorrow through the learning journeys we have travelled and even further as they grow as learners, leaders, and take their part in the story of reconciliation. As responsible citizens of Canada, and hopeful members of the ecclesia of Christ, reconciliation is part of the deal. Colossians 1:20 reminds us that God is pleased (eudokeō, to consider something as good and therefore worthy of choice, consent, determination, and resolve) to reconcile all to God through Jesus. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s Final Report makes it clear that Canada has a long way to go in reconciling its relationship with the Nations of Indigenous peoples that live here. How can this work be done? Where does one begin when the systemic problems that have accumulated over half a millennia seem so entrenched? As believers in God, we have examples of those who stood with people in the margins and spoke truth to power. Their witness is essential in understanding God’s posture, and is interwoven in the gospels and epistles that witness to the love of Jesus. These prophets were able to see past the oppression and sins of their time, to expand the horizon of what seemed possible beyond their societal and structural limitations, into a more hopeful future.   

By continuing to speak the truth about the history of this nation and its relationship with the nations that were here before, by learning and teaching a history of this country that celebrates the good and exposes the evil within, we are enforcing a narrative that goes against what many are comfortable with, and challenges pride in one’s history, background, and culture. This is not easy work, but it is essential to create an inclusive society that takes people for who they truly are, not what bias dictates them to be. The stories we lend our ears to are just as important as the stories we tell. Walter Brueggemann reminds us that, “The prophetic task, in our contemporary society as in ancient Jerusalem, is to counter the governing ideology, in both cases that of exceptionalism” (Brueggemann, 2020, p. 29).  Remembering that there is no hierarchy below Jesus, but we are all one in him (Galatians 3:28), is essential to moving this country, and God’s people in it, forward. 

Countering popular, racist, conceptions of Indigenous people today begins with one’s own perceptions. Exposing and lamenting the expressions of bias, judgement, and exceptionalism that we have made is the next step. Owning the hurt we have caused others, through action or inaction, is essential for healing to begin. Many people tolerate the counter-narratives as long as they don’t hit too close to home. However, this history, these broken relationships, have relevance today, for every citizen of Canada. It is the responsibility of all to learn how their actions and words, perceptions and ignorance, serve the oppression of First Peoples. Without embracing their perspective, empathizing with their pain, we can never truly follow the greatest commandment to love our neighbours (Matthew 22:39; Mark 21:30; Luke 10:27; Romans 13:9; Galatians 5:14; James 2:8).  “The prophetic task, amid a culture of denial, is to embrace, model, and practice grief, in order that the real losses in our lives can be acknowledged” (Brueggemann, 2020, p. 55). 

It is hard work, there are many who shy away from the pain required to fully embrace the story of oppression, exceptionalism, and genocide (physical and cultural) that this country is built on. What seem like political gains often are exposed as games, and for every genuine act of reconciliation there seem to be countless more utterances justifying the status quo. In teaching Indigenous education at a Christian school, we take on a larger responsibility. For many Indigenous people, their lived and learned history has made Christianity synonymous with the evils of oppression, including the Residential School System. Paulo Freire touched upon the importance of decolonizing faith and biblical interpretations on top of historical and lived realities in Pedagogy of the Oppressed.  Reminding us that, when victims of oppression believe God to be their oppressor, they become hopeless, doubting their own beliefs that God loves and cares about them. In this reality, one action is extremely necessary: “posing as problems the myths fed to the people by the oppressors” (1970, p. 164). Therefore we must do the hard work of asking questions and presenting the empire of ‘Christendom’ that created the Doctrine of Discovery and preached exceptionalism to the most vulnerable as being far from, even in direct opposition to, the Kingdom Jesus spoke about, and antithetical to the love he demonstrated. We must pose this lived reality as a problem for Christians to solve, despite the discomfort and overwhelming difficulty of parsing out the beliefs and practices that oppress from what is so familiar and comfortable. The good news of Jesus must be good news for everyone because, “In the midst of near-despair, the prophetic task is to articulate hope, the prospect of fresh historical possibility assured by God’s good governance of the future” (Brueggemann, 2020, p. 77). I endeavour to work in the light of this hope, to lean into the good historical possibilities that bring us closer to God’s vision for humanity, and invite you to do the same.

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“We must find a way of moving forward in the realities in which we find ourselves and choose to reconceptualize and reconfigure the ways in which we choose to move education forward. Within education, this means engaging with the tough questions, letting go of the belief that there is one solitary right answer, and being open to other ways of knowing” (Zinga, 2019, pp. 304–305).

“It will be helpful for many individuals unfamiliar with Native education models to stretch themselves and expand their minds. The acceptance and development of a new model that incorporates Native traditions and values is unfamiliar territory and will be difficult for some to comprehend because they do not have a category for it in their minds. To get beyond this point of acceptance, non-Natives may need to create a new category, for example, by developing an academic concentration in Native educational methods at their institution. I believe if our Western style of education does not become pliable, it will hinder the development of culturally relevant ministry models. And more importantly, it will hinder the ripple effect of sharing the life-changing message of the gospel to our Native brothers and sisters” (Church, 1997, p. 93).

 

“[C]ontemporaneity concerning 'prophetic judgment' may help us to see that our present predatory economy (that depends on racist ideology, male domination, and idolatrous nationalism) is unsustainable because it contradicts the purposes of God. Conversely we may see that while our present ideological passion seems beyond challenge, God is at work evoking, forming, and legitimating alternative practices of a neighborly economy that is multicultural in its horizon” (Brueggemann, 2019, p. 9).

“I understand Jesus to be one of the most decolonizing patterns we can integrate into our lives … Christianity has caused our people to assimilate into whiteness and move them further from the connections with the land and teachings of our people. Jesus, taken seriously, can actually take us back to our traditions and ceremonies and lifeways”

(Woodley & Woodley, 2020). 

“Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all cared about an individual’s reconciliation with God, self, and their communities. But the gospel writers also focused on systemic justice, peace between people groups, and freedom for the oppressed. The good news was both about the coming of the Kingdom of God and the character of that Kingdom. It was about what God’s Kingdom looked like. It was about what citizenship in God’s Kingdom requires. The biblical gospel writers’ good news was about the restoration of shalom” (Harper, 2016, p. 13).

“If one’s gospel falls mute when facing people who need good news the most—the impoverished, the oppressed, and the broken—then it’s no gospel at all”

(Harper, 2016, p. 18).

“Individuals in some groups in our society are not full and secure members of the community because there are systemic factors that create risk for members of vulnerable populations. In situations of such socially-sanctioned wrongs, an ethical claim arises: 'do me good, do not harm me.' These claim-rights mean that attention must be given to changing the systemic factors and organizational structures that allocate such harms differentially” (Joldersma, 2016, p. 37).



 


 

“Current research suggests that Euro-American women and women and men of African American, Native American, and Latino cultures often seem to prefer a  learning style that differs from that which seems to be preferred by many Euro-American and Asian-American men”

(Ramsay, 2005, p. 21).

 

“Everybody's story matters. Jesus once told a story about a statistically successful fold of sheep, 99 out of 100. But the Shepherd was not satisfied. He left the 99 safe, and went out in the dark and cold to look for the one. Each one matters”

(Adeney, 2005, p. 24).

 

Maintaining a hospitable attitude means that we receive the representative of the target culture graciously and with love, and that we make space within ourselves for the stories and experiences he or she brings us from that culture”

(D. Smith & Carvill, 2000, p. 92)

 

“Dialogue with the people is radically necessary to every authentic revolution… The earlier dialogue begins, the more truly revolutionary will the movement be” (Freire et al., 1970, p. 128).

 

“When a Christian school responds to the call of justice with a stance of hospitality materialized through supportive practices, policies, and relationships, the marginalized members will become less marginal.”

(Joldersma, 2016, p. 44).

 

“In my conceptualization of the space between Indigenous and Western intentionalities, I see the space between the two groups… as being ethical space that can allow for the ethical engagement of the entrenched differences to move forward in positive ways. In addition, if the space is unexamined or not engaged with in ethical ways by the intentionalities, then it can be thought of as the status quo that the dominant group is not interested in examining”

(Zinga, 2019, pp. 286–287).

“[A] ‘transformed curriculum’ is possible [when] the cultural hegemony present in the exclusive curriculum or course is exchanged for a mutually respectful engagement with the knowledge and scholarship of multiple perspectives that will necessarily shift epistemology and widen sources of authority”

(Ramsay, 2005, p. 22).

“Authentic education is not carried on by ‘A’ for ‘B’ or by ‘A’ about ‘B,’ but rather by ‘A’ with ‘B,’ mediated by the world--a world which impresses and challenges both parties, giving rise to views or opinions about it”

(Freire et al., 1970, p. 93).

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